• The laser output is continuous in the case of helium-neon laser. But it is in the form of pulse in the ruby laser.
• Ruby laser requires high power pumping source, whereas Helium-neon laser requires low power pumping source like electric discharge.
• Efficiency of helium-neon laser is more than ruby laser.
• The defects due to crystalline imperfections are also present in the ruby laser. But it is not so in the helium-neon laser.

Reference: This article is referred from my authored book “optics and lasers” having ISBN 81-272-2948-2. In case of any doubt, post in the comment section.

Kindly Read This Also :

Note from winnerscience: If you want the e-notes of all the laser  articles that will include the basics of lasers like stimulated absorption, difference between spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein  Coefficients, properties and applications of lasers, complete construction and working of lasers like Ruby laser, He-Ne laser, Carbon dioxide laser, Nd:YAG laser, dye laser, semiconductor laser, holography and additional articles of Q-switching and mode locking, then please contact winnerscience@gmail.com. You can post your queries also there.

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E3 is the metastable state. Thus the number of atoms in E3 exceeds the number of atoms in E2. The population inversion is achieved between E3 and E2. The laser action takes place between E3 and E2 by stimulated emission. The atoms from energy state E2 get deexcited to E1. The atoms from E1 are again pumped to E4.

Example: Helium-Neon laser is four level laser system.

Advantage of four level laser:

The rate of relaxation of the atoms from E2 to E1 should be faster than the rate of arrival of atoms from E4 or E2.

This is required for better efficiency of laser system. Thus, four level laser is better than three level laser.

Reference: This article is referred from my authored book “optics and lasers” having ISBN 81-272-2948-2. In case of any doubt, post in the comment section.

Kindly Read This Also :

Note from winnerscience: If you want the e-notes of all the laser  articles that will include the basics of lasers like stimulated absorption, difference between spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein  Coefficients, properties and applications of lasers, complete construction and working of lasers like Ruby laser, He-Ne laser, Carbon dioxide laser, Nd:YAG laser, dye laser, semiconductor laser, holography and additional articles of Q-switching and mode locking, then please contact winnerscience@gmail.com. You can post your queries also there.

The post Four level laser first appeared on Winner Science.