Wave Motion is a form of disturbance which travels through a medium due to repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium about their mean positions. The motion being handed on from one particle to the next.

Characteristics or properties of wave motion:

1. A wave motion is in a form of disturbance which travels thorough a medium due to the vibrations of the particles of the medium
2. It is the disturbance which travels in the forward direction and not the particles.
3. The particles simply vibrate about their mean position.
4. Each particle begins to vibrate a little later than its predecessor.
5. The velocity of the particles is different from the velocity of the wave. But the velocity of the wave remains constant velocity of particle goes on changing with time and is max. at mean P and min at extreme.
6. The energy of a particle is wholly kinetic at the mean position and wholly potential at the extreme position.
7. The waves can undergo phenomenon like reflection, refraction, polarization etc.
8. For the propagation of the wave the medium must possess the properties of elasticity and inertia.

These are 8 properties or characteristics of wave motion. If you know more, please discuss.

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Periodic Motion:

The motion which repeats itself over and over again after equal intervals of time is known as periodic motion.

Example of periodic motion: Motion of planets around sun motion of earth above its own axis.

Period of Motion:

The fixed interval of time after which a periodic motion is repeated is called as the period of that periodic motion.

Example period motion: Period of earth around its own axis is 24n. Around the sum is 365 h.

Oscillatory Motion:

When a body moves in to and fro motion over and over again about a fixed point, then its motion is called oscillatory motion. (In case of a spring, we call it as a vibratory motion).

The fixed points is called as the equilibrium position or the mean position of that body and such a motion is combined between the extreme limits and it is present on the either side of the mean position.

For Example:

1. The mean of the pendulum of a clock.

2. Motion of a spring strings of the musical.

3. Motion of a loaded spring.

Note:

1. An oscillatory motion is a special type of periodic motion in which the body vibrates to and fro about the mean position.
2. Every oscillatory motion is periodic but every periodic motion is not oscillatory.

Harmonic Oscillations:

The oscillations which can be expressed in terms of a single harmonic function i.e. the sine function or the cosine function are known as the harmonic oscillation.

Simple Harmonic Oscillations:

The harmonic oscillations of constant amplitude and a single frequency is known as Simple Harmonic Oscillations.

Simple Harmonic Motion:

A body is said to be executing a simple harmonic motion if its acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement from the mean position at any instant and it is always directed towards the mean position.

These are the differences among periodic motion, oscillatory motion and simple harmonic motion.

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