Active medium or active center: Chromium ions act as active centers in ruby crystal. So it is the chromium ions that produce the laser.

Pumping source: A helical flash lamp filled with xenon is used as a pumping source. The ruby crystal is placed inside a xenon flash lamp. Thus, optical pumping is used to achieve population inversion in ruby laser.

Optical resonator system: The ends of ruby crystal are polished, grounded and made flat. The one of the ends is c

Active medium or active center: Chromium ions act as active centers in ruby crystal. So it is the chromium ions that produce the laser.

Pumping source: A helical flash lamp filled with xenon is used as a pumping source. The ruby crystal is placed inside a xenon flash lamp. Thus, optical pumping is used to achieve population inversion in ruby laser.

Optical resonator system: The ends of ruby crystal are polished, grounded and made flat. The one of the ends is completely silvered while the other one is partially silvered to get the output. Thus the two polished ends act as optical resonator system.

Note: I will explain the working in next article. Meanwhile, try to make the construction diagram yourself. In case of problem, contact me.

Reference: This article is referred from my authored book “optics and lasers” having ISBN 81-272-2948-2. In case of any doubt, post in the comment section.

ompletely silvered while the other one is partially silvered to get the output. Thus the two polished ends act as optical resonator system.

Note: I will explain the working in next article. Meanwhile, try to make the construction diagram yourself. In case of problem, contact me.

Reference: This article is referred from my authored book “optics and lasers” having ISBN 81-272-2948-2. In case of any doubt, post in the comment section.