Three main components of laser device are: a) Active medium: For example in ruby laser, the active medium is aluminum oxide doped with .05 percent
The lasers can be classified on the basis of state as explained below: a) State of laser medium: According to the state of laser medium,
It is also the excited state but having life time of 10-5 to 10-3 seconds. Population inversion occurs only in between the metastable state and
Normally the population density of atoms/electrons is more in the ground state than the excited state. But if the process of stimulated emission dominates over
If the atom is in the excited state E2 and a photon of energy exactly equal to E2 – E1 = hυ is incident on
If the atom in the excited state automatically decays to the ground state by emitting a photon of energy (E2 – E1 = hυ), then
Stimulated Absorption is the starting point to achieve laser. It happens when a photon of light having energy E2 – E1 = hυ (as shown
A laser beam has the following important characteristics: 1. Directionality: An ordinary source of light emits light waves in all the directions and is highly
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